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Getting the right diagnosis
Discover how doctors identify IgG4-RD using blood tests, imaging, biopsies, and clinical patterns.
Chapter 2 introduction
This chapter walks you through how IgG4‑related disease (IgG4‑RD) is diagnosed. Because there isn’t a single test that can confirm it, doctors use a set of tools to gather clues from your history and exam, choose the right labs and imaging, and—when needed—take a small tissue sample (biopsy) to confirm the diagnosis.
In this lesson, you’ll:
see why diagnosis takes time and how doctors must weigh clues from a variety of areas together to arrive at a diagnosis
learn what each test can, and cannot, tell us
understand when a biopsy is needed and when it may not be possible
recognize how classification criteria help organize thinking (but are not a substitute for a clinician’s careful diagnosis)
understand the role steroid treatment helps in signalling IgG4-RD
What you’ll learn in this chapter
Lesson 1: Diagnosis overview
Why IgG4-RD is often missed, and clues to diagnosis
Lesson 2: Classification criteria
Why formal criteria exist, how they organize the diagnosis of IgG4‑RD, and where they fit in clinic and research.
Lesson 3: Blood tests
Which blood markers may help (and which can mislead), what “serum IgG4” really means, and how to understand lab reports in plain language.
Lesson 4: Imaging
How CT, MRI, ultrasound, and PET scans show the pattern and extent of disease, as well as what typical findings look like and the limits of imaging alone.
Lesson 5: Biopsy
Why tissue is often the gold standard, what pathologists look for, and how biopsy results confirm the diagnosis and rule out look‑alike conditions.
Quiz: Test your knowledge
A short quiz to check understanding of how IgG4‑RD is diagnosed and why multiple tools are used together.
Let's get started.